Flying-machine.



G. M. WANEE.

.l FLYING MACHINE.

I V APPLICATION FILED OCT- 8. IBIS. L172,182.

Patented Fab. 15, 1916.

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' APPLICATION FILED OCT- 8, 1915. 1,172,12. l Patented Feb. 15,1916.

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G. M. WANEE.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION'FILED ocT. s. 1915.

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GEORGE IVI.v WANEE, 0F 4OAKLANI), CALIFORNIA. u

l FLYING-MACHINE. r

Speclcation of -`Letters Patent,

Patenten ret. i5, raie.

, Application filed October 8, 1915. Serial No. 54,826.

To. all 'whom t may concern.' f

Be it known that I,v GEORGE M.' WANEE, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Oakland, in the county of `Alameda. and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates t improvements in flying machine, contemplating partcula ly' ing planes, and a novelconstructionand arrangement of steering and controlling devices and a novel construction of frame, wlfereby the desired ends are attained.

construftion,combination and arrangement of part., herein fully described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a front elevation .of my improved flying machine. Fig. 2 is a top plan -view of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation Fig. 4 is a rear "elevation of the machine. thereof. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section taken on a line about centrally through the wings of the planes. Fig. 6 isa central vertical longitudinal section through thel providea flying machine including a vertically disposed main frame 1 and a. longihorizontally extending tail frame 2.

cllhe main frame 1 is of rectangular form and includes, among other parts, hereinafter fully described, front and rearpairs of uprights 3 and L1, front and rear transverse bars 5 and d, and a pair of rear longitudinal frame bars 7 ,l all unitedat their points of intersection by coupling members 8.

The tail frame 2 consists of a. longitudivnally extending keel or central portion 9 and longitudinal bars 10`v disposed above and at equal Vdistances on opposite sides ofthe main central bar or keel 10, which may con- .ing action ,upon the air.

sist. of one or more united frame bars, the said bars 9 an 10 being united at intervals by braces 11, and forming a substantially triangular or inverted V-shaped frame struc-- ture. Carried by lthis. frame structure are p front and rear backets 13, suitably connect- 'ed and braced and carrying axle supports for a pair'of front ywheels 1`4==and a single rear or trail wheel l5, the construction being such, if desired, that these wheels may surface of the ground. 4

Supported by thev main and tail frames are a pair of lower supporting planes 16 and` 17 and an upper supporting plane 18. Each of these planes comprises a suitableframe structure having a covering of fabric or other suitable material. The planes 16 and 17-have inner ends 1'8 which extend inbe steered when the machine runsacross the f wardly and downwardly on curved lines and v intersect each other in converging relation- The invention consists of the features of ship, .said portions of said planes forming a tapering fin or keel and curved surfaces to preventl the machine from skidding, and

thereby maintain it on` its course, and also to act as lifting and stabilizing surfaces, as

hereinafter fully explained. The body p0rtions 19 of the respective planes 16 and 17 are extended laterally beyond the sides of the .machine to equal degrees and curved outwardly and downwardly, and said body v portions of .the planes are also curved or inclined downwardly and rearwardly AAat a desired angle of incidenceto give asu-pport- It will thus be observed lthat the planes 16 and 17 are curved both longitudinally' and transversely,

and'have certain peculiarities of formation,

y the purposes of which will be more fully hereinafter described. Y

The upper supporting plane 18 is longitndinally bowed or curved and has its cen' t'ral portion disposed abovethe inwardly and -downwardly curved ends 18 of f the planes 16 and 17, in the median vertical line of, the machine, and the ends of said plane 18 thence extend outwardly and downwardly' at a determined angle of inclination orsdegree of curvature ando are connected at their extremities with the body portions of the planes 16 and 17 at points about midway of the distance between the tips of said body portions of the planes 16 and 17'and the adjacent sidesof the main frame 1. The upper plane 18 is curved or inclined in a fore-and aft direction at a( desired general angle of incidence, which is somewhat greater than the angle of the lower planes 16 and 17 and the front or leadingportion 19 of the plane 18 is set at a somewhat greater angle of inclination than the'rear or trail portion 20 of said plane. The concaved side ofl the plane 18 faces downwardly and is disposed above the convexed upper surfaces of," the planesj 16 and 17, with itsumiddle portion above lthe downwardly extending inner ends -18 of the said planes 16 and 17, at which point the chord of the plane18 is of greatest depth, the plane 18 thus providing a substantially hood-shaped structure over the` suitably secured to the longitudinal bars of the lower planes, and the inner ends of the longitudinal bars of the lower planes converge and are secured tol eachother and to `the bars of the keel portion ofl the main frame and the tail frame. The transverse bars of each plane are three in number, arranged along the front and rear edges and the central portions of said planes, respectively, and said bars are connected with the uprights of the main frame by the couplings or unions 8, the longitudinal bars 7 of the main frame extending rearwardly at a downward angle of inclinat1on and being fastened to the upper bars 10-of the tail frame, which bars 10 of the tail frame, in addition to being connected with each other and with the bars 2, 'as hereinbefore described, are fastened to the forward cross bar ofthe frame of a triangular tail plane `21, whose vertex faces rear` wa'rdly. VThe frame structure of the machine is completed, except as to immaterial details, by the use ofv suitable bracing or x ployed, and suitably arranged upon` the machine, and if desired any desired type of marine service or hydroplane base may be used. For the purpose of controlling the craft, I have shown the same provided with triangular horizontal steering planes f or rudders 23 and 24 arranged on opposite sides of the `fixed horizontal stability plane 21, said planes 23 and 24 being coupled by suitable connections 25 and 26 with control devices 27 and 28 whereby said steering planes may be adjusted independently or simultaneously for horizontal and vertical steering actions. It will be observed that the planes 23 and 24 are hinged or pivoted to swing vertically on inclined axes, and are adjustable to different lateral angles to the line of flight, so that by independently adjusting one or the otherof said planes the machine may be steered to the right or left while by adjusting both planes in unison the machine may be steered vertically, the planes being movable vertically to positions above and below the plane of the xed plane 21, as will be readily understood. In addition, a fixed vertical stability plane 29 may be employed, said plane" operating in conjunction with the keel to prevent the machine from skidding or making lateral leeway, as well as to resist any tendency of the machine to tilt laterally in either direction. v

It will be observed that the curvature of the body portions of the lower planes, which are arranged at a dihedral angle, is such as to secure an effective degreeof inherent stability, and this is augmented to a material extent by thecurvature of the portions 18', since, as the planes are also curved in a foreand-aft direction, a gust of wind striking the body portion of either' lower plane andv tending to tilt said plane ,upwardly will, on following, the line of the plane inwardly and rearwardly, strike the portion 18 thereofjand exert its pressure to right or restore the machine to-a normal state of equilibrium. This is true of the balancing operation of both lower planes in maintaining lateral stability. Furthermore, the construction of the upper plane iss'uch as to adapt said plane to coperate with the lower planes in maintaining longitudinal stability, any tilting motion of the machine forward or backward tending to cause the air to strike the upper plane at an angle and-compact in the space or passage below the same, thus resisting such` tilting tendency. This action is promoted by the fact that the upper plane 'as awhole presents a greater angle of incidence than the lower planes, and as the forward portion of the upper plane is disposed at a greater angle of incidence than the rear portion thereof, the machine, even if pompletely overturned by a strong gust of air, or in. losing its headway on account of the stoppage of the motor, will return to and maintain a balanced position and will travel downward by gravity at a descending angle,

. such as W-ill'bring it to a state of landing in anerect position, the upper plane, in the event of the fallI of the machine, serving as a parachute by which the speed of descent will be diminished and a safe landing insured.

I claim 1., A flying machine including a frame structure, a pair` of supporting wings carried by the main-structure, the said wings having outer portions extending laterally iol: l

beyond the frame structure and longitudinally and transversely curved, and having vertical uprights and bracing connections therebetween, and main supporting planes each composed of frame members connected with said uprights, and a fabric covering Said frame members, said planes having y downwardly and inwardly curved and converging portions united in V-shaped formation `secured to the uprights and outer longitudinal and transversely curved portions, and a fixed upper plane arranged in arched formation over the inner halves of the main .planes and the converging inner portlons thereof and alsocomprlsing a frame and a fabric covering, the respective planes being provided with curved main bars rigidly connected with each other andcwith the main frame uprights, and transversely extending horizontal braces rigidly uniting the respec- -tive sets of wing bars with the uprights.

3. A iying machine including a main frame, a trail frame extending from the main frame, a supporting surface carried by the main frame and comprising arched lower planes having their inner ends depending in convergent relation and united to form a keel, and a rigid, arched upper plane overhanging the inner portions of the lower planes and fixed thereto, a tail plane upon the tail frame comprising a substantially triangular body and having rudder wings mounted to swing vertically on inclined axes extending along opposite converging sides of said body, means for adjusting said rudder wings, and a vertical plane depending from the tailv frame partially beneath the tail plane and partially in advance thereof and in line with the keel formed by the lower planes.

In testimony whereof I aix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE M., WANEE.

Witnesses:

J. A. BILLINGS, A. F. DERRICK. 

